🇳🇱 Netherlands

Executive power rests with a Council of Ministers led by the prime minister and accountable to parliament, while King Willem-Alexander is a ceremonial head of state. Legislative power lies with the bicameral States General (Staten-Generaal): the directly elected House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer) of 150 members, which makes and breaks governments, and the indirectly elected Senate (Eerste Kamer) of 75 members, chosen by the provincial councils, which can block but not amend legislation. For the House of Representatives the entire country is a single constituency and the 150 seats are allocated almost exactly in proportion to the vote, with no formal threshold beyond the value of a single seat — about 0.67% of the national vote. Elections are administered locally and certified by the Electoral Council (Kiesraad), the independent national authority that publishes official results at verkiezingsuitslagen.nl.

Figures from official electoral authorities — see Data & Methodology. Last updated 2026-11-02.