Netherlands General election 2023 — Results
Election day: November 22, 2023
- Party for Freedom (PVV): 23.49%, 37 seats
- GreenLeft–Labour (GL–PvdA): 15.75%, 25 seats
- People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD): 15.24%, 24 seats
- New Social Contract (NSC): 12.88%, 20 seats
- Democrats 66 (D66): 6.29%, 9 seats
- Farmer–Citizen Movement (BBB): 4.65%, 7 seats
- Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA): 3.31%, 5 seats
- Socialist Party (SP): 3.15%, 5 seats
Turnout: 77.75%
About this election
How the voting works
The 150 MPs were elected, as always, by nationwide proportional representation with effectively no threshold — a system that allows a sudden shift in opinion to translate almost directly into seats, and which made Wilders' surge possible. Fifteen parties won seats. With no party near the 76 needed for a majority, the result again pointed to lengthy coalition negotiations.
Compiled and reviewed from official results by ElectioMap. See our data methodology.
In numbers
- 7.74 points separated Party for Freedom (PVV) from GreenLeft–Labour (GL–PvdA) — 807,805 votes.
- Party for Freedom (PVV) converted 23.49% of the vote into 37 of 150 seats (24.67%), 1.18 points more than its vote share.
- The top two shared 39.24% of the vote between them, and 5 lists cleared 5%.
- Party for Freedom (PVV) moved +12.70 points against the 2021 general election (10.79% → 23.49%).
- Support for Party for Freedom (PVV) ranged from 33.26% in Limburg to 17.60% in Utrecht — a spread of 15.66 points across 12 regions, and it led in 10 of 12.
Calculated from the official figures on this page and from the other elections of this type in our archive.
Understanding this election
- How Live Election Data Is Collected and Verified — from ballot box to published figure
- Why Official Results Sometimes Take Weeks — the stages between the count and the legal result
- Why Turnout Figures Disagree — why two sources publish different turnout for one election