🇬🇧 United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, and one of the world's oldest continuous representative systems. Only the Commons is chosen by voters: its 650 members (MPs) are elected by first-past-the-post in single-member constituencies — whichever candidate wins the most votes in a seat takes it, with no second round and no proportional top-up. The party (or coalition) that can command the confidence of the Commons forms the government and its leader becomes prime minister; a working majority normally requires 326 of the 650 seats. The monarch — Queen Elizabeth II until her death in 2022, then King Charles III — is a ceremonial head of state. Elections are run by local returning officers and overseen by the independent Electoral Commission.

Figures from official electoral authorities — see Data & Methodology. Last updated 2026-11-02.