🇪🇸 Spain

Legislative power lies with the bicameral Cortes Generales: the directly elected Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados) of 350 members, which invests and can dismiss the government and is the decisive chamber, and the Senate (Senado), a partly territorial upper house with weaker powers. The Congress is elected for a four-year term (though the prime minister can call an early election) by closed-list proportional representation using the D'Hondt method. Crucially, the constituency is the province: the 350 seats are distributed across Spain's 50 provinces plus the North African cities of Ceuta and Melilla, with every province guaranteed a minimum number of seats before the rest are shared by population. A 3% threshold applies within each province. Elections are administered by the Ministry of the Interior and supervised by the independent Central Electoral Board (Junta Electoral Central), with official results published at infoelectoral.interior.gob.es.

Figures from official electoral authorities — see Data & Methodology. Last updated 2026-11-02.