About this election
The Senate election of 2 June 2024 strengthened the Morena-led coalition's grip on the upper house, carrying it to the very threshold of a constitutional supermajority. Combined with the near-two-thirds won in the Chamber of Deputies, the result gave President Claudia Sheinbaum's incoming government the most complete control of Congress any administration had held since Mexico's democratisation.
The 128 senators serve six-year terms and are renewed together. Ninety-six are filled by state — two seats to the leading list and one to the runner-up in each of the 32 entities — and 32 by national proportional representation. The "first minority" rule guarantees the second-placed force a seat in every state, which is why even a dominant coalition normally struggles to reach the 86 seats needed to amend the constitution. In 2024 the governing bloc came within a handful of seats of that mark.
The Senate races mirrored the presidential contest between Claudia Sheinbaum's "Sigamos Haciendo Historia" (Morena, PT, PVEM) and Xóchitl Gálvez's "Fuerza y Corazón por México" (PAN, PRI, PRD), with Citizens' Movement competing separately. The decisive issue was whether the ruling coalition could approach the two-thirds threshold that would let it rewrite the constitution without opposition votes.
The Sigamos Haciendo Historia coalition won 83 of 128 seats on 42.48% of the vote — just two short of the 86-seat supermajority. The Fuerza y Corazón coalition took 40 and Citizens' Movement 5. Morena alone became by far the largest single party in the chamber.
Needing only one or two additional votes for a supermajority, the governing bloc was able to secure the defection of opposition senators on key ballots, enabling the passage of the constitutional reforms — including the popular election of judges — that defined the start of Sheinbaum's term. The 2024 Senate result, by all but dissolving the chamber's traditional role as a check on the executive, became central to the debate over the concentration of power under the Fourth Transformation.
Compiled and reviewed by Bartłomiej Paruzel, Election Data Analyst, from official results. See our data methodology.