Turnout: 53.84%
About this election
Japan's general election of 27 October 2024 dealt the Liberal Democratic Party its worst result since 2009. Called within weeks of Shigeru Ishiba becoming prime minister, the snap vote saw the LDP fall to 191 seats and Komeito to 24 — a combined 215, short of the 233 needed for a majority. The Constitutional Democratic Party surged to 148 seats, the Democratic Party for the People nearly tripled to 28, and Reiwa Shinsengumi rose to 9. For the first time since 2009 the governing coalition lost its majority, ushering in a period of minority government. Turnout was 53.84%.
Japan's lower house selects the prime minister and prevails over the upper house on key matters, so control of its 465 seats is the central prize of national politics. When no candidate wins an absolute majority in the prime-ministerial vote, the Diet holds a run-off between the top two — a procedure not needed since 1994 but triggered in 2024. A coalition short of a majority must legislate deal by deal, a rarity in a country accustomed to durable LDP-led governments backed by a disciplined parliamentary bloc.
The 465 members are chosen by parallel voting — 289 in single-member districts by first-past-the-post and 176 by proportional representation across 11 blocs, with two separate ballots. Dual candidacy and list "revival" mean district losers can still enter parliament. The map colours each prefecture by the party that won the most of its single-member districts. In 2024 the LDP still led 34 prefectures, but the CDP carried 11 — including much of Tōhoku and several urban prefectures — while Ishin held its Osaka bastion.
The election was dominated by a political-funding scandal in which several LDP factions, above all the dominant faction once led by the assassinated Shinzō Abe, had failed to report income from fundraising parties and built off-the-books slush funds running into hundreds of millions of yen. The affair had already forced the resignation of Kishida, whose approval had collapsed, and Ishiba — a long-standing internal critic of the party leadership who had run for the presidency four times before winning — was chosen partly to draw a line under it. His decision to deny official endorsement to some implicated lawmakers, then a late report that party headquarters had quietly sent campaign funds to several of them, blunted his reformist message in the final week.
The LDP and Komeito faced a resurgent CDP under former prime minister Yoshihiko Noda, who had pulled the party back toward the centre; the rapidly growing Democratic Party for the People led by Yuichiro Tamaki, whose single-minded focus on raising take-home pay resonated with younger and working-age voters; the Osaka-based Nippon Ishin no Kai; the Japanese Communist Party; Reiwa Shinsengumi; the new right-wing Conservative Party of Japan; and the nationalist Sanseitō.
Ishiba had hoped a quick election would convert the customary honeymoon of a new prime minister into a personal mandate before scandal-tainted factions could regroup. Instead the funding revelations kept the LDP on the defensive throughout, while the DPP's narrow, pocketbook pitch and the CDP's discipline drew away voters who would not switch to the left wholesale.
With no bloc commanding a majority, Ishiba was re-elected prime minister at the head of a minority LDP–Komeito government — the first premiership since 1994 to require a run-off vote in the Diet. Governing now depended on case-by-case support, especially from the DPP, whose demand to raise the income-tax threshold (the so-called "¥1.03 million wall") became the defining negotiation of the new parliament. Komeito's leader Keiichi Ishii, only weeks into the job, lost his own seat — a striking symbol of the night.
The collapse from the comfortable majorities of 2017 and 2021 to minority status was the steepest LDP reversal since the party briefly lost power in 2009, and it set the template for the further upper-house defeat that would follow in 2025.
The 2024 result laid bare a deeper trend: the slow fragmentation of Japan's party system. Rather than the two-bloc competition that the 1994 electoral reform had been designed to encourage, the vote split among a widening field — the LDP and Komeito on the right, the CDP on the centre-left, and a clutch of smaller parties (the DPP, Ishin, Reiwa, the Conservatives, Sanseitō) each carving out a niche. The DPP's surge among working-age voters, drawn by its promise to lift the income-tax threshold and raise take-home pay, was the clearest sign that a younger electorate was abandoning habitual loyalties. For the LDP, the danger was no longer a single strong challenger but the steady leakage of votes in every direction at once, leaving it the largest party in a parliament it could no longer control alone.
Turnout of 53.84% was among the lowest of the postwar era, underscoring public disaffection: rather than switching decisively to one opposition party, many voters punished the LDP by staying home or scattering their support across several rivals.
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (Sōmushō) and NHK — soumu.go.jp.
Compiled and reviewed by Bartłomiej Paruzel, Election Data Analyst, from official results. See our data methodology.