🇧🇷 Brazil

Under the 1988 Constitution, executive power is held by a President who is both head of state and head of government, directly elected for a four-year term and eligible for one consecutive re-election. The president is elected by the two-round system: a candidate must win more than half of the valid votes to be elected in the first round, otherwise the two best-placed candidates contest a run-off three weeks later. Deputies are elected by open-list proportional representation within each state — one multi-member constituency per state, apportioned by population from 8 to 70 seats — which, combined with dozens of parties, produces a highly fragmented chamber. Senators, three per state, are elected by first-past-the-post for eight-year terms, with the chamber renewed by one-third and two-thirds in alternating four-year cycles. Elections are administered by the Superior Electoral Court (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral), with official results published at tse.jus.br.

Figures from official electoral authorities — see Data & Methodology. Last updated 2026-11-02.